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    RED LILY
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    Lightbulb Educational: Sanctions/Resolutions -Iraq



    Sanctions against Iraq

    From Wikipedia( View original Wikipedia Article https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctions_against_Iraq Last modified on 2 December 2012, at 22:08


    The sanctions against Iraq were a near-total financial and trade embargo imposed by the United Nations Security Council on the nation of Iraq. They began August 6, 1990, four days after Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, stayed largely in force until May 2003 (after Saddam Hussein's being forced from power),[1] and certain portions including reparations to Kuwait persisting later and through the present.[2][3]

    The original stated purposes of the sanctions were to compel Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait, to pay reparations, and to disclose and eliminate any weapons of mass destruction.

    Initially the UN Security Council imposed stringent economic sanctions on Iraq by adopting and enforcing United Nations Security Council Resolution 661.[4] After the end of the 1991 Persian Gulf War, those sanctions were extended and elaborated on, including linkage to removal of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), by Resolution 687.[5][6] The sanctions banned all trade and financial resources except for medicine and "in humanitarian circumstances" foodstuffs, whose import into Iraq was tightly regulated.[4]

    �� Iraq now has control of their financial resources.. this part has been resolved.. we will get to this later on in the study.

    United Nations Security Council Resolution 661


    From Wikipedia( View original Wikipedia Article ) Last modified on 3 August 2012 at 19:19

    In United Nations Security Council resolution 661, adopted on 6 August 1990, reaffirming Resolution 660 (1990) and noting Iraq's refusal to comply with it and Kuwait's right of self-defence, the Council took steps to implement international sanctions on Iraq under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. This was the second resolution by the Security Council over the invasion of Kuwait.

    The Council therefore decided that states should prevent:

    (a) the import of all products and commodities originating in Iraq or Kuwait;

    (b) any activities by their nationals or in their territories that would promote the export of products originating in Iraq or Kuwait, as well as the transfer of funds to either country for the purposes of such activities;

    (c) the sale of weapons or other military equipment to Iraq and Kuwait, excluding humanitarian aid;

    (d) the availability of funds or other financial or economic resources to either country, or to any commercial, industrial or public utility operating within them, except for medical or humanitarian purposes.

    ----

    After the end of the Gulf War and the Iraqi withdrawal from Kuwait, the sanctions were linked to removal of weapons of mass destruction by Resolution 687 (1991). The effects of government policy and the sanctions regime led to hyperinflation, widespread poverty and malnutrition.[1][2]

    https://www.ask.com/wiki/United_Natio..._661?qsrc=3044

    United Nations Security Council Resolution 687

    From Wikipedia( View original Wikipedia Article ) Last modified on 7 August 2012 at 01:28

    United Nations Security Council resolution 687, adopted on 3 April 1991, after reaffirming resolutions 660, 661, 662, 664, 665, 666, 667, 669, 670, 674, 677, 678 (all 1990) and 686 (1991), the Council set the terms, in a comprehensive resolution, with which Iraq was to comply after losing the Gulf War.

    https://www.ask.com/wiki/United_Natio..._687?qsrc=3044


    660 - United Nations Security Council resolution 660, adopted on 2 August 1990, after noting its alarm of the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq, the Council condemned the invasion and demanded Iraq withdraw immediately and unconditionally to positions as they were on 1 August 1990.

    https://www.ask.com/wiki/United_Natio..._660?qsrc=3044


    662 - United Nations Security Council resolution 662, adopted unanimously on 9 August 1990, recalling resolutions 660 (1990) and 661 (1990), the Council decided that the annexation of Kuwait by Iraq under any form was illegal.

    https://www.ask.com/wiki/United_Natio..._662?qsrc=3044

    664 - United Nations Security Council resolution 664, adopted unanimously on 18 August 1990, reaffirming resolutions 660 (1990), 661 (1990) and 662 (1990), the Council recalled Iraq's obligations under international law and acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, demanded that Iraq permit and facilitate the departure of nationals from third countries from within Iraq and Kuwait, calling for consular and diplomatic access to the third state nationals.

    The Council went on to demand that Iraq take no action that would jeopardise the safety of the nationals, reaffirming that the annexation of Kuwait is illegal, therefore demanding that Iraq rescind its orders to close consular and diplomatic missions in Kuwait and the removal of diplomatic immunity of their personnel. Thousands of foreigners were in Iraq and Kuwait at the time of the Iraqi invasion,[1] and the Council denounced Iraq's decision to use foreign nationals as "human shields" at strategic sites.[2]

    Resolution 664 finally requested the Secretary-General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar to report on the compliance with the current resolution as soon as possible.

    https://www.ask.com/wiki/United_Natio..._664?qsrc=3044

    665 - United Nations Security Council resolution 665, adopted on 25 August 1990, after demanding the full and immediate implementation of resolutions 660, 661, 662 and 664, the Council authorised a naval blockade to enforce the embargo against Iraq, in the aftermath of its invasion of Kuwait on 2 August 1990.

    On 6 August 1990, after the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, the Security Council adopted Resolution 661 (1990) which imposed economic sanctions on Iraq, providing for a full trade embargo, excluding medical supplies, food and other items of humanitarian necessity ---

    https://www.ask.com/wiki/United_Natio..._665?qsrc=3044

    666 - United Nations Security Council Resolution 666, adopted on September 13, 1990, after recalling resolutions 661 (1990) and 664 (1990) which discussed the humanitarian situation in Iraq and Kuwait and the detention of nationals from foreign countries, the Council decided to ask the Security Council Committee to determine if humanitarian needs have arisen and to keep the situation under review. At the same time, it expected Iraq to comply with its obligations under international law, including the Fourth Geneva Convention, relating to the safety and detainment of third-state nationals in Iraq and occupied Kuwait.

    https://www.ask.com/wiki/United_Natio..._666?qsrc=3044


    667 - United Nations Security Council resolution 667, adopted unanimously on 16 September 1990, after recalling resolutions 660 (1990), 661 (1990), 664 (1990), 665 (1990) and 666 (1990), the Council expressed its outrage and condemned "aggressive acts" by Iraq against diplomatic missions and personnel in occupied Kuwait, including the abduction of some, in violation of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and Consular Relations.

    Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the Council demanded the immediate release of foreign nationals as well as all nationals mentioned in Resolution 664

    https://www.ask.com/wiki/United_Natio..._667?qsrc=3044


    669 - United Nations Security Council resolution 669, adopted unanimously on 24 September 1990, after recalling Resolution 661 (1990) and Article 50 of Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the Council was conscious of the increasing number of requests for assistance have been received under Article 50, relating to international sanctions against Iraq after its invasion of Kuwait.

    https://www.ask.com/wiki/United_Natio..._669?qsrc=3044

    International sanctions are actions taken by countries against others for political reasons, either unilaterally or multilaterally.

    There are several types of sanctions.

    >Diplomatic sanctions - the reduction or removal of diplomatic ties, such as embassies.

    >Economic sanctions - typically a ban on trade, possibly limited to certain sectors such as armaments, or with certain exceptions (such as food and medicine)

    >Military sanctions - military intervention

    >Sport sanctions - preventing one country's people and teams from competing in international events.

    >Economic sanctions are distinguished from trade sanctions, which are applied for purely economic reasons, and typically take the form of tariffs or similar measures, rather than bans on trade.


    TARIFFS!!! Still up in the air ~~~




    Study in progress. To be continued.....time for sleep nowwwww










    Last edited by RED LILY; 12-13-2012 at 06:22 AM.

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